I did some additional testing and here is what I found.
My main use case for the keyboard is for home recording where I want to record the audio from the keyboard through my audio interface, to my DAW as an audio track, and monitor the DAW back out through my audio interface with my studio monitors or headphones connected to the audio interface. (Incidentally, I don't need any help with the keyboard as a MIDI controller...that works fine...so I'm really just talking about that specific audio output use case.)
The line out does in fact work:
1) plug in a random mini plug into the headphone jacks in the front of the unit to kill the onboard speakers
2) turn the keyboard volume to max...yes max...see point 3
3) I eke out an audio signal in my DAW. Below is the meter with the volume maxed and with me hammering on the keys at max velocity. Workable, yes, but given the pro-audio +4 dBu specifications of the Line Out, just doesn't seem right. I don't have the equipment to verify the 1.3 Volt MAX RMS output of the line outs, so I'll leave it at that. If I ever need a stronger signal, I might just end up using the Microphone out and not the Line out.
To answer funkycornwall's specific question, I see no increase or decrease on the Line Out strength from plugging in (or unplugging) my random mini plug to disable the onboard speakers.
Thanks all for your suggestions!